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Chola expedition to North India
The Medieval Chola king Rajendra Chola I led an expedition to North India between 1019 and 1024. While a few historians have interpreted the expedition to be nothing more than a pilgrimage to the Ganges, most consider it to be a purely military one, intended to subdue the states of Eastern India. The expedition traversed the states of Vengi, Kalinga, Odda and Bengal culminating with their arrival at the Ganges river. The Chola victory over the Pala king Mahipala I is considered to be the climax of the expedition.
== Causes ==
The expedition is believed to have been necessitated by a succession dispute in the Eastern Chalukya kingdom where the claims of Rajaraja Narendra, the son of Vimaladitya, the previous king, and his queen Kundavai, were contested by Vishnuvardana Vijayaditya VII, a son of Vimaladitya through another wife.〔Sastri, p 205〕 Vishnuvardhana Vijayaditya VII was supported by the Western Chalukya king Jayasimha II and the kings of Kalinga and Odda and posed a serious threat to Rajaraja Narendra.〔 Rajaraja Narendra appealed for help from his maternal uncle, the Chola emperor, Rajendra Chola I who sent a large force under his general, Araiyan Rajarajan, a veteran of the Chalukya-Chola Wars.〔 Araiyan Rajarajan defeated Vijayaditya and after driving him out, firmly established Rajaraja Narendra on the Eastern Chalukya throne.〔
Following this victory, Rajendra Chola I led an expedition northwards supported by an advance guard led by Araiyan Rajarajan, to punish the kings of Kalinga and Odda who had sided with Vijayaditya in the succession dispute.〔
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